ING201 English III dersi hakkındaki görüşlerinizi ve tavsiyelerinizi yazabilirsiniz. <br />ING201 English III hangi öğretim üyesinden alınır, ING201 English III dersinde hangi konular işlenir?

yok böyle bi ders, başka bi şey demicem!

Marine Pollution

Thesis: The most serious threat to the marine environment is pollution generated by man, this
pollution falls into the categories of oil, toxic chemicals, debris, and raw sewage which
all must be sanctioned against.

I. Oil pollution at seas.

A. Oil spills on seas per year.

B. How does oil spill.

C. What is ship’s effects.

D. Damages of oil pollution.

E. Spilled oil cleaning.

F. Cost of cleaning the seas.

G. Sanctions for oil pollution.

II. Toxic chemical pollution.

A. How much chemical pour out in seas per year.

B. Why toxic chemicals are discharged in the sea.

C. Damages of chemical pollution.

D. Chemical toxic cleaning.

E. Cost of cleaning the seas.

F. Sanctions for chemical toxic pollution.

III. Debris pollution.

A. Components of debris.

B. Where does debris come from





C. Damages of debris pollution.

D. Debris cleaning.

E. Most founded debris Items on the beaches.

F. Sanctions for debris pollution.

IV. Raw sewage pollution.

A. How much sewage pour out to seas per year.

B. Sewage pollution in our local creeks.

C. How does sewage be a threat.

D. Damages of chemical pollution.

E. Precautions for sewage pollution.

F. What are the major water pollutants

G. Sanctions for sewage pollution.














Since the beginning of the world human beings have been in the habit of working with
nature but they have not respect nature properly. Increasing population, and developing
industrialization has caused nature pollution. Industrialization makes way for the problems
about pollution which is decreasing the water usage of the world. Water usage has dropped
because of marine pollution. Marine pollution is usually caused by human activity. By
polluting the seas they are become unclean or impure by putting thing into them that are either
not or exceed natural levels such as plastic bottles, oil or chemicals. This must be balanced to
protect the fountain of life. The most serious threat to the marine environment is pollution
generated by man, this pollution falls into the categories of oil, toxic chemicals, debris, and
raw sewage which all must be sanctioned against.
First of all, traditional shipping and oil transportation routes are more exposed to
the impacts of oil-polluted discharges from tankers and other vessels than other areas. The
rising of the petroleum products released with seas, that unbelievable quantities attain 1
millions per/year directs the world countries to be ensured (Yönsel, 2001, pp 94 - 97). Moreover, the Exxon Valdez pour out 11 million gallons of oil into the Pristine sea of Alaska on March 23,1989 (Özçayır, 1999, p. 44). Also, pollution with cause of burdening and unshipping of ships on the seaports when purify the tubes and tanks in ships caused pollution (Mete, 1997, p. 71). Therefore, birds which congregate in large number on sea or shorelines to breed, feed or moult are particularly vulnerable to oil pollution (Impact of Oil on Specific Marine habitats, n.d.,n.p.). Sorbet booms and barriers are used to eliminate mobile oil, they function well, only if thin, because once their surface are coated, they cannot absorb any more
(Containing and Cleaning, n.d.,n.p.). The insurance on the companies in Canada during last



years came over a dollars, to cover the expenses in cleaning oil overflows (Oil Tanks, n.d.,d.p.). A federal judge in Alaska gave Exxon Corp. $6.75 billion with 32.000 the
fishermen, the basic owners and others which were influenced by the 11 million gallons oil
which poured after the grounding of Exxon Valdez in clear William Sound (“Judge Says Exxon Owes $6.75 Billion For Valdes”, n.d.,n.p.). As it is seen above even there is a sanction, oil pollution is increasing day by day.
Second reason for marine pollution is toxic pollutants which in the ocean ecosystem

have massive impacts on the plants and animals. Manures are a principal source of food

350.000 tons of phosphate and 370.000 tons of nitrogen manure are use each year, much by

this drains into the sea (Chemical Pollution, n.d.,n.p.). The first covering on ships were line

and arsenic which leached into the sea water killing sea creatures and were slowly replaced by

chemical paints which were responsible for mutations and other harmful effects on sea

creatures (Turkish Shipping World n.d. n.p.). Mete says, hazardous agricultural additives

mixed with and assimilated by water and then entered the food chain (1997, p 72). Moreover,

oils and other chemicals should be properly disposed of and the meteorological conditions

checked before using agriculture chemicals outside (What You Can Do Right Now To Stop

Ocean Pollution, n.d., n.p.). The United States, $11.500.000 was spent in 1992 for the

program of clean beaches (Project Summary #34, n.d., n.p.). Although, volunteers poured

chemicals in the sea, to destroy the algae and networks used, to sweep mud, that it would look

at rather well impressing visitors, the highest punishment is only $12.000 (Pollution, n.d.,

n.p.). So, people have to be more careful.

The third reason is debris pollution is contributed of human waste, garbage, and




plastics. This firm pollution of human waste water and national waste water, rivers of factory
of the acids and toxic metals, of the engine oil of - garages and flows of edge, the chemicals
of farm which are washed far by the country by rains, place of installation of building
remains, radioactive waste of the power stations and oil of the wells, refineries and tankers
(Water Pollution, n.d., n.p.). Also, indifference beach users, drivers of boat and tourists on the
beach, containers of loading, ships of passenger and commercial machines of fishing, waste
discharge or by cargo form sewage pollution (Beach Sweeps, n.d., n.p.). So, over 100.000
mammals and over 700.000 seabirds die per year from fishing nets, strapping, and plastic
beer-can holders (Marine Debris. a.n.d., n.p.). When the plastic threw into the sea it go down
and fill rich nature plant cover so young fishes can die when they can not find fish food and
this incident is quickly rises (Marine Plastic Pollution, 2004, n.p. ). But, if people join the
free Activist Network, They receive notices when needed to protect and strengthen laws like
Clean Water Act. (Pocket Guide to Marine Debris. b.n.d, n.p.). Debris items total number
reported are cigarette filters (6.373.283), food bags/wrappers (3.053.561), caps/lids
(1.731.320), beverage bottles (1.254.434) etc. (Pocket Guide to Marine Debris, n.p., 2004).
There is an emergency telephone number in Great Britain that can be used in the event of
somebody seeing beach pollution (Seas Fit for Life. n.d., n.p.). As it seen, debris pollution is
related with people’s mercy.
The last reason of marine pollution is raw sewage can create a health hazard. Million
of gallons of waste water believed of the lower pour narrow science in clear water (Clean-Up
Time., n.d., n.p.). Also, private or general lines of sewer are broken, drains are blocked by
roots of tree or the other causes, waste water pumping unloading material of the overflow






developed at the point (Sewage Pollution., n.d., n.p.). Waste overflowing with the sea by men

in the urban sectors was inside a threat in the future (Mete, Feb 97, p 72). Moreover, most

people go boating for just a few hours in a day, so the solution may be as simple as going the

toilet before leaving the shore just like before a long car trip (Frequently Asked Questions on

Sewage, n.d., n.p.). So, there are some categories of matters of water pollution, those are a

bacterium, viruses, of protozoan and endless screws parasites which record waste water

systems and wasting (Water pollution FAQ, n.d., n.p.). Therefore, deliverable information of

wound immediately of $750 to a private individual or $1500 in Corporation, requires the

small cuts of the payments. Businesses with the court activity, can require punishments of

$250.000 and $1 M (Frequently Asked Questions on Sewage, n.d., n.p.). Unfortunately, there

is a big problem with our seas about sewage but, we are still indifference with sea purity.

In conclusion, marine pollution become a major risk at countries which have a coastal side. The most dangerous kinds of marine pollution are categorized with , toxic chemicals, debris, and raw sewage. The dimension of alarm was reached. More over, because of enormous in crease in earth population, the man kind needs always more ground and food. It must however learn how to preserve the continental biotopes on which it depends, as well as the immense reserve of potential food which is the sea. If the seas destroyed by man and poisons water, with long, seas not available for wild life. The desert will advance and the sea will not be soon any more in capacity to provide the richness that it so liberally gave him during centuries, without never to have received, in exchange, the respect to which it has the right. Finally, people should not be satisfied in a short time because of the disability of water and mankind have to find more intelligent solves.






References

Beach Sweeps - Marine Debris (n.p.), Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.glf.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci-sci/be ... ris-e.html

Clean-Up Time (n.p.). Retrieved March 19th , 2004 from

http://www.loe.org/series/antarctica/clean-up.htm

Chemical Pollution (n.d.) Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.acfonline.org.au/whales/ACF_chemical.html

Containing and Cleaning (n.d.). Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.cbc.ca/news/indepth/backgrou ... eanup.html

Frequently Asked Questions on Sewage (n.d.). Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.waterways.nsw.gov.au/sewagefaqs.html

Impact of oil on specific marine habitats. Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.itopf.com/effects.html

Judge Says Exxon Owes $6.75 Billion For Valdez. (n.d.) Retrieved Jan 28, 2004 from

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dy ... ge=printer

Marine Debris (n.d.) Retrieved March 28th, 2004 from
a.http://www.lpe.nt.gov.au/enviro/Fact/faq5.htm
b.http://www.oceanconservancy.org/dynamic ... debris.htm
Marine Plastic Pollution (n.d.) Retrieved March 28th, 2004 from
http://sacoast.uwc.ac.za/education/reso ... lution.htm
Mete, B. (1997, February). Environment. Turkish Shipping World, 71-72

Oil Tanks (n.d.). Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from.

http://www.omia.com/safety_oilTanks.asp





Özçayır, Z.O. (2001, January). What are the dimensions of pollution at Black Sea.

Turkish Shipping World, 59-61

Özçayır, Z. O. (1999, November). US oil pollution act 1990 (OPA). Turkish Shipping

World, 44

Pocket Guide to Marine Debris (n.p.) Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://sacoast.uwc.ac.za/education/reso ... /index.htm

Pollution (n.d.), Retrieved March 19th , 2004 from

http://www.websitesaboutchina.com/envi/ ... nt_1_2.htm

Project Summary #34, Water.(n.d.) Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.iclei.org/LEICOMM/LEI-034.HTM

Seas Fit for Life. Retrieved Feb 26th, 2004 from

http://www.mcsuk.org/marineworld/sewage.htm

Sewage pollution (n.d.). Retrieved 26 February, 2004 from
http://www.uprct.nsw.gov.au/water_quali ... sewage.htm
Turkish ShippingWorld (n.d., n.p.).
Water Pollution (n.d.) Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.ntu.edu.sg/studorgn/earthlin ... ution.html

Water pollution FAQ (n.d.) Retrieved March 29th, 2004 from

http://www.lenntech.com/Water-Pollution-FAQ.htm

What you can do right now to stop ocean pollution.(n.d.) Retrieved March 19th, 2004 from

http://www.ocean.com/Conservation/OceanPollution.asp

Yönsel, F. (2001, November). Priority issue of the day:Pollution.. Turkish Shipping

World, 94-97

yarın first draftımı veriyorum haftaya da finalı verip mezun olmuşcasına sevinip tatile çıkıyorum... daha noolsun bu beladan da yırttık benimde bi yerlerim yırtıldı ama ossun, katlancaaz naapalim

Problems of Skyscrapers


Thesis: Although skyscrapers play a major role in civil engineering, by providing great areas that can be used as commercial offices, lodging, residential and hospitals in metropolises, they have serious problems such as, security concept, fire safety and earthquake.
I. Security concept
A. Security threats
1. Threats to people
a. Robbery
b. Assault
2. Threats to property
B. Reasons for high security necessities
1. Necessities caused by building structure
2. Necessities caused by intensive population
C. Security system equipments
1. Building openings
a. Doors
b. Turnstiles
2. Electromagnetic locks
3. Communication systems
a. Telephones
b. Closed circuit television systems
II. Fire safety
A. Fire survey
1. Fire risk
2. Fire development and growth
B. Fire protection system
1. Active protection
2. Passive protection
C. Fire safety equipments
1. Smoke detectors
a. Ionization smoke detectors
b. Photoelectric smoke detectors
2. Gas detectors
3. Automatic sprinker systems
a. Wet pipe
b. Dry pipe
c. Pre action
III. Earthquake
A. Effects of earthquake
1. Swaying
2. Damage of a building and economical loses
B. Dangers occured during earthquake
1. Fire
2. Resonance
C. Different methods for constucting an earthquake resistant building
1. Using tough steel frame in combination with concrete shear walls
2. Constructing strong buildings
3. Other specific methods

Today, construction sector takes an essential part in human’s live. Construction sector contains all structures such as buildings, bridges, viaducts, highways, tunnels and anything else. Buildings are the most important structures, because people spend most of their time in these buildings. From ancient age to now, buildings change day by day, they become stronger, bigger and more modern. With the invention of the new and resistant construction materials, new methods were developed and new design buildings started to take a part in humans’ lives. Skyscrapers are the peak point for the buildings. After the intensive working, calculating and designing, these amazing buildings start to appear in the middle of the cities. Skyscrapers include everything that a building should have and more extras. In a short time they have became the most popular structures for civil engineers. Although skyscrapers play a major role in civil engineering, by providing great areas that can be used as commercial offices, lodging, residential and hospitals in metropolises, they have serious problems such as, security concept, fire safety and earthquake.
First of all, security concept is the most important subject for skyscrapers; because of the security threats, high security is needed in skyscrapers and security system equipments should be properly used to prevent these threats. Craighead states that whatever an incident, when happens, that damages or demolishes goods, is called as a threat. People face different kinds of security threats in tall structures (2003, p.22). Security threats commonly focus on people. Craighead mentioned that money, individual goods or any other precious things taken from someone’s ownership without his or her permission is called as robbery (2003, p.22). He adds that assault is any international essay or menace resulting with a person’s harm. Vandalism, trespass, burglary, larceny sabotage, espionage and arson are classified as menaces to goods (2003, p.23). Tall structures’ security is not the same with the short ones, they become different in two ways (Craighead, 2003, p.27). As Craighead pointed out in 2003:
First, the existence of multiple, occupied floors, one on top of another, means a higher concentration of occupants and therefore more personal and business property to be damaged or stolen compared with that in low-rise buildings. The potential for theft is increased by the fact that the concentration of property makes the site more attractive to a criminal; also the greater the concentration of people, the better chances of a thief’s anonymity. (p.27)
Secondly, many persons participate in a same place just in any time, so the probability of one’s organizing a crime for the others is too much. Planning, building and security system of a skyscraper are related with the criminal events in those buildings (p. 27). In 2003 Craighead mentioned that in order to provide the buildings safety and solve the security problems, tall buildings contain sort of security equipments (p.97). Building openings like doors ought to be full secured (p.104). A skyscraper contains lobby doors and stairwell exterior fire doors; furthermore, these doors that are assembled in an actual frame have to be secured to the wall to prevent the entrance as much as the door makes (pp.104-105). Moreover, Craighead states that aim of the turnstiles is inspecting the walkers in a building. According to system plan and security staff, turnstiles may be used to provide high-security (2003, pp105-107). Craighead reports that electromagnetic locks are very serviceable in skyscrapers. On perimeter legal exit and main entrance doors, electromagnetic locks may be established. By using a timer with these locks, doors can be locked at any time automatically. The time that the doors should be locked depends on the buildings needs (2003, p.127). Additionally, he states that many kinds of communication systems may be used in high-rise office setting. In a skyscraper most important communication device are telephones. There must be enough telephone services in Security Command Center to do daily services and other requests especially during an emergency time (2003, p.149). In tall buildings, to make observations in large areas closed circuit television systems are used. CCTV system increases the security precautions; moreover, extends the security employee’s field of view (p.153).
Secondly, fire survey and fire protection systems should be well known; moreover, fire safety devices have to be included in a skyscraper to make building full resistant to fire. Fire risk, development and growth are the general subjects about fire concept. Uzun (1988) states that impending to start a fire is impossible and applicability of generating a building fully resistant to fire is not possible. When an element that may burn takes sufficient heat, it starts to burn. Fire widens to other elements in a location by the heat released from elements which catches fire (p.6). Uzun mentioned on page 7 (1988), “Fire protection covers the number, size and arrangement of exit facilities and subdivision and cubic capacity of a compartment and accessibility of a building and fire resistance of structural partition and materials in a building and extinguishment systems for buildings.” He adds that precaution for the fire risk is the subject of active fire prevention. Furthermore, subjects of the passive fire prevention are materials included in building, building plans and architectural project (p.7). In 2003, Craighead mentioned that many kinds of fire life safety systems and tools are available in tall buildings. These tools are used for providing quick and safe run away from building in a fire (p.177). Craighead maintain that smoke detectors are the essential equipments for immediate fire realizing because, generally existence of the smoke is the initial symptom of a fire (2003, p.185). Craighead explains that ionization smoke detectors change the air that includes ionization, to the positive and negative charges in a closed room by using radioactive elements. By this way air becomes available to transmit the electric current. Air becomes less conductive when smoke molecules in a room contact with the ions. When the conductivity decreases, detector gives an alarm (2003, pp.185-186). Moreover, Craighead reports that visible smoke molecules formed by combustion of an element are indicated by photoelectric smoke detectors’ light. If smoke blocks the light ray or disperses a light ray, detector gives an alarm (2003, p.186). In 2003, Craighead expressed that low concentrated combustible gases are automatically found by gas detectors. When burnable gases such as methane, ethane, natural gas and propane found by detectors, they give an alarm to take precautions against a possible danger (p.190). Sprinkling enough amount of water to fire automatically, to deflate the whole fire or to stop the widening of a fire, are the main functions of a sprinkler system (Craighead, 2003, p.191). Craighead states that the most popular sprinkler system used in tall buildings is wt-pipe system. When the temperature surpasses predetermined point during a fire, sprinklers take action and distribute the water on the fire. In addition to wet-pipe system, dry-pipe systems are used for cold areas in order to prevent water’s freezing. Pressurized air in pipe unlocks the valve when the temperature surpasses a predetermined point during a fire, then water accesses to pipes and is sprayed from sprinklers. In pre-action system, during a fire, water accesses to pipes with the activation of the automatic fire detection tools. With the activation of sprinklers water is distributed to the fire (2003, p.197).
Lastly, earthquake which is described as a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth, has bad effects on buildings and also some serious dangers occur during a shake, that is why structure of a complex building like a skyscraper must be resistant enough to an earthquake. An earthquake may have negative effect on a tall building either during a quake or after the event of an earthquake. As mentioned in Earthquake-Resistant Structure, in the course of an earthquake, great swinging may occur in high storeys of the high-rise buildings that have a very elastic structure (n.d., p.1). According to Stallard, Continent Asia is under the threat of an earthquake or typhoon that may cause damage to buildings that have poor structure. That is why the zone is risky to build skyscrapers. Exact computing and detailed measures have to be done in order to balance that menace. It costs a lot to make modifications on the plan or structure of a tall building following the start of building process (2004, p.1). Furthermore, some dangerous situations may happen in tall buildings during an earthquake. Taylor asserts that when the time is not enough to empty the building, undesired deaths may happen during the earthquake fire in high rise buildings (2003, p.29). As mentioned in Building for a Landscape on the Loose, great hazard exist for every structure if the structure’s own oscillation frequency coincides with the earthquake wave’s frequency. Resonance is the name of this case (n.d., p.1). Skyscrapers are exposed to unusual dangers; therefore, they should be built with unusual methods. In 1977, Degenkolb explains that designing for toughening against the earthquake forces or lateral forces has fundamental alterations according to wind or vertical force designs (p.14). Strong steel frame joint with concrete shear walls have to be included in high rise buildings in order to meet whole safety necessities during the major earthquake, as well as to prevent the harms that come from winds and average earthquakes (p.19). Additionally, he adds that constructing the building as strong as possible is the essential method for earthquake designing for skyscrapers (p.17). As explained in Reducing Earthquake Damage, building an earthquake resistant tall building requires specific methods. Connecting building to the soil should be done thoroughly and firmly; moreover, toughly connected strong framework is required for tall buildings. With the strong framework, tall buildings become sufficient enough to resist to the earthquake (n.d., p.2).
In conclusion, skyscrapers have superior features according to other standard structures, but security concept, fire safety and earthquakes are the most important matters for these structures. People generally hesitate to access to these building due to thinking of their own health and security. Care should be taken by engineers to solve these considerable problems and to create a perfect skyscraper which does not form a threat to people inside a building and is not affected by unexpected fires and earthquakes which may happen at any time.


References

Building for a landscape on the loose. (n.d.). Retrieved June 6, 2004, from http://teacher. scholastic.com/researchtools/articlearchives/volcanoes/loose.htm
Craighead, G. (2003). High-rise security and fire life safety (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Buuterworth-Heinemann.
Degenkolb, H. J. (1977). Earthquake forces on tall structures. United States of America: Bethlehem Steel.
Earthquake – resistant structure. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2004, from http://www.brita nnica.com/ebc/article?eu=388621&query=quilla%20lateral&ct=
Reducing earthquake damage. (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2004, from http://www2.worldbook. com/wc/popup?path=features/earthquakes&page=html/reducingdamage.htm&direct= yes
Stallard, J. (2004). Building skyscrapers to heights. Retrieved June 7, 2004, from http://www. eruditiononline.com/03.04/skyscrapers_2.htm
Taylor, J. (2003). Post earthquake fire in tall buildings and the New Zeland building code. Retrieved June 6, 2004 from Canterbury University, Civil Engineering Depertmant Web site: http://www.civil.canterbury.ac.nz/fire/ pdfreports/JTaylor03.pdf
Uzun, E. (1998). Fire safety and determination of fire load density in buildings. Unpublished master’s theses, İstanbul Technical University, Science Institute, İstanbul, Turkey

Bu ing 201de derslerde ne yapılıyor??
Ödevin konusunu sen mi belirliyorsun??
3-4 sene önce bu dersi almış aynı bölümden bi arkın ödevini versem kopya olduğu anlaşılır mı??
İng 201de bütün ödevler bi database de toplanıyormuş diyolar aslı var mıdır??

mechanic yazdı:Bu ing 201de derslerde ne yapılıyor??
Ödevin konusunu sen mi belirliyorsun??
3-4 sene önce bu dersi almış aynı bölümden bi arkın ödevini versem kopya olduğu anlaşılır mı??
İng 201de bütün ödevler bi database de toplanıyormuş diyolar aslı var mıdır??

bu derste ingilizce tez denemesi yazıyosun, kısa bi deneme oluyo ama...
konusunu sen belirliyosun, hangi bölümdeysen ona göre bi konu belirleniyo
bi database var, bütün tezler oraya kaydediliyo, ve senin yaptığın ödev oraya kaydedilirken kontrol ediliyo, sakın kopya çekmeyin!
aslı vardır, kesinlikle doğrudur!

benim önerim, ödevleri zamanında yapın, çok kolay geçer bu ders...

İng 201 dersinde, kendi bölümünle ilgili bir konu belirliyor, bu konu hakkında bir ödev hazırlıyorsun. Ödevin konusu, yukarıda da gördüğün üzere 4-5 sayfalık yazılabilecek ve konu hakkında kaynak bulunabilecek şekilde olmalı.
Ödevin son şekli son haftalarda belli oluyor. Bu zamana kadar geçen derslerde ödevin tamamlayıcı unsurları olan paragraf planlamaları, notecard hazırlanması, kaynak bulunması ve alıntı yapılması, vb. konularda örnekler inceleniyor, ödevler hazırlanıyor. (Dersin sınavı yok)
Son hafta ödev verilirken, hazırladığınız Word dokümanı, hocanın kontrolünde internet üzerinden bir veritabanına aktarılıyor.

bu dersin bol notlu bi hocası yok mu?

bu derrsin bütün hocaları bol notludur.

bu derste herkes kasa kasa calıstıgı ıcın sanırım notlar da yuksek oluyor
sanırım bu ders YA HEP YA HIC ılkesıne gore ılerlıyor )
huyunu suyunu bıldıgınız hocaları yazarsanız ii olur

yok artık daha neler? bence hepsi bol notlu değildir

peki şu hocalardan hangisi seçilmeli: Mark Liebermann, Ebru Yetiş, Dilek Vidana, Suzan Arıman, Scott Berry, Çağnur Çalhan, Hatice Gülru Baykan

programıma bunlar uyuyor da :
bi de herkesin dilinde bir Tim Davis var. çok mu iyi bu adam ya??